Freebsd installation usb

By using virtual machine images, the downloading and importing can be done in the environment of your choice. It can be downloaded from the FreeBSD downloads page. These are the preconfigured instances or already created images and not the installation images which are ready to run, and post-installation tasks can be performed on them. These images can be used to install FreeBSD on a hard disk for a usual desktop, server systems or laptop device.

In general, the instructions for installation are written for AMD64 architectures and i architectures. Hostname : FreeBSD. IP Address : HDD size: 30 GB 4. Version: Memory: 2GB. Most of the FreeBSD users will have the architectural hardware for i, armv6 or amd Today, all the modern computer systems use amd64, which should be used by computers having more than 3GB of space.

In the case of an older computer, i. Now that we have found our USB drive and how it is called in our system probably da0 we move on to the next step. At the bottom of the file add the two following lines:. You can add two other lines if you want to have two USB drives at the same time.

Just change da0 for da1, so you can have both. As you have seen the owner of the da0 drive has been set as root and the group is now the operator one. Pretty surely you are not in that group.

Add yourself to it by typing this:. If not appearing, check this by issuing another command. This will show the groups you are in:. Arrived to this point you should be now able to mount USB drives. But the nice part of having a desktop-workstation is plug in the device and have it automatically mounted without issuing a command. For that there are several ways to do it but we will use the method included in the base system which is using the autofs.

In order make autofs work the kernel module has to be loaded. If we want this for once just launch this command as root or use sudo. If else just read back the last command you launched, you may have mistypped it, or something else is wrong and you need to pay attention to the error message.

However you may want this kernel module loaded any time you boot the system. Verbose : Toggle this option to On to see more detailed messages during the boot process. This can be useful when troubleshooting a piece of hardware. After making the needed selections, press 1 or Backspace to return to the main boot menu, then press Enter to continue booting into FreeBSD.

A series of boot messages will appear as FreeBSD carries out its hardware device probes and loads the installation program. Once the boot is complete, the welcome menu shown in Welcome Menu will be displayed.

Press Enter to select the default of Install to enter the installer. The rest of this chapter describes how to use this installer.

Otherwise, use the right or left arrows or the colorized letter to select the desired menu item. The Shell can be used to access a FreeBSD shell in order to use command line utilities to prepare the disks before installation. The live version is described in Using the Live CD. To review the boot messages, including the hardware device probe, press the upper- or lower-case S and then Enter to access a shell.

When finished, type exit to return to the welcome menu. This section shows the order of the bsdinstall menus and the type of information that will be asked before the system is installed. Use the arrow keys to highlight a menu option, then Space to select or deselect that menu item. When finished, press Enter to save the selection and move onto the next screen. Before starting the process, bsdinstall will load the keymap files as show in Keymap Loading. After the keymaps have been loaded bsdinstall displays the menu shown in Keymap Selection Menu.

Use the up and down arrows to select the keymap that most closely represents the mapping of the keyboard attached to the system. Press Enter to save the selection. Pressing Esc will exit this menu and use the default keymap. In addition, when selecting a different keymap, the user can try the keymap and ensure it is correct before proceeding as shown in Keymap Testing Menu.

Type in a hostname that is unique for the network. It should be a fully-qualified hostname, such as machine3. Deciding which components to install will depend largely on the intended use of the system and the amount of disk space available.

The FreeBSD kernel and userland, collectively known as the base system , are always installed. Depending on the architecture, some of these components may not appear:. The installation program does not check for adequate disk space. Select this option only if sufficient hard disk space is available. Although not required for the majority of applications, it may be required to build device drivers, kernel modules, or some applications from the Ports Collection. It is also used for developing FreeBSD itself.

The menu shown in Installing from the Network only appears when installing from a -bootonly. Since the installation files must be retrieved over a network connection, this menu indicates that the network interface must be configured first. If this menu is shown in any step of the process remember to follow the instructions in Configuring Network Interfaces. Manual partitioning allows advanced users to create customized partitions from menu options.

Shell opens a shell prompt where advanced users can create customized partitions using command-line utilities like gpart 8 , fdisk 8 , and bsdlabel 8. This section describes what to consider when laying out the disk partitions. It then demonstrates how to use the different partitioning methods. When laying out file systems, remember that hard drives transfer data faster from the outer tracks to the inner. This partition is used to hold mailboxes, log files, and printer spools.

Mailboxes and log files can grow to unexpected sizes depending on the number of users and how long log files are kept. At least 2 gigabytes of space is recommended for this partition. When selecting partition sizes, keep the space requirements in mind.

Running out of space in one partition while barely using another can be a hassle. As a rule of thumb, the swap partition should be about double the size of physical memory RAM. Systems with minimal RAM may perform better with more swap. Configuring too little swap can lead to inefficiencies in the VM page scanning code and might create issues later if more memory is added.

On larger systems with multiple SCSI disks or multiple IDE disks operating on different controllers, it is recommended that swap be configured on each drive, up to four drives.

The swap partitions should be approximately the same size. The kernel can handle arbitrary sizes but internal data structures scale to 4 times the largest swap partition. Keeping the swap partitions near the same size will allow the kernel to optimally stripe swap space across disks.

Large swap sizes are fine, even if swap is not used much. It might be easier to recover from a runaway program before being forced to reboot.

By properly partitioning a system, fragmentation introduced in the smaller write heavy partitions will not bleed over into the mostly read partitions. When this method is selected, a menu will display the available disk s. If multiple disks are connected, choose the one where FreeBSD is to be installed. Once the disk is selected, the next menu prompts to install to either the entire disk or to create a partition using free space.

If Entire Disk is chosen, a general partition layout filling the whole disk is automatically created. Selecting Partition creates a partition layout from the unused space on the disk.

After Entire Disk is chosen bsdinstall displays a dialog indicating that the disk will be erased. The next menu shows a list with the partition schemes types. GPT is usually the most appropriate choice for amd64 computers.

The other partition schemes are generally used for uncommon or older computers. More information is available in Partitioning Schemes.

After the partition layout has been created, review it to ensure it meets the needs of the installation.

Selecting Revert will reset the partitions to their original values and pressing Auto will recreate the automatic FreeBSD partitions. Partitions can also be manually created, modified, or deleted. When the partitioning is correct, select Finish to continue with the installation. Once the disks are configured, the next menu provides the last chance to make changes before the selected drives are formatted. If changes need to be made, select Back to return to the main partitioning menu. Select Commit to start the installation process.

To continue with the installation process go to Fetching Distribution Files. Highlight the installation drive ada0 in this example and select Create to display a menu of available partition schemes:.

After the partitioning scheme has been selected and created, select Create again to create the partitions. The Tab key is used to move the cursor between fields. Refer to gpart 8 for descriptions of the available GPT partition types.

The Size may be entered with common abbreviations: K for kilobytes, M for megabytes, or G for gigabytes. Proper sector alignment provides the best performance, and making partition sizes even multiples of 4K bytes helps to ensure alignment on drives with either byte or 4K-byte sectors.

Generally, using partition sizes that are even multiples of 1M or 1G is the easiest way to make sure every partition starts at an even multiple of 4K. There is one exception: the freebsd-boot partition should be no larger than K due to current boot code limitations. A Mountpoint is needed if the partition will contain a file system. The Label is a name by which the partition will be known. Drive names or numbers can change if the drive is connected to a different controller or port, but the partition label does not change.

Use a unique label on every partition to avoid conflicts from identical labels. For instance, use labroot or rootfslab for the UFS root partition on the computer named lab. Partition sizes shown are typical for a 20G target disk. Labels shown here are prefixed with ex for "example", but readers should use other unique label values as described above.

After the custom partitions have been created, select Finish to continue with the installation and go to Fetching Distribution Files. This partitioning mode only works with whole disks and will erase the contents of the entire disk.

The main ZFS configuration menu offers a number of options to control the creation of the pool. The automatic ZFS installer currently only supports the creation of a single top level vdev, except in stripe mode. To create more complex pools, use the instructions in Shell Mode Partitioning to create the pool. Disk Info - Disk Info menu can be used to inspect each disk, including its partition table and various other information such as the device model number and serial number, if available.

Force 4K Sectors? By default, the installer will automatically create partitions aligned to 4K boundaries and force ZFS to use 4K sectors. This is safe even with byte sector disks, and has the added benefit of ensuring that pools created on byte disks will be able to have 4K sector disks added in the future, either as additional storage space or as replacements for failed disks.

Press the Enter key to chose to activate it or not. Encrypt Disks? Press the Enter key to chose activate it or not. Partition Scheme - Allow to choose the partition scheme. GPT is the recommended option in most cases. Press the Enter key to chose between the different options.

Mirror Swap? Be aware, enabling mirror swap will break crash dumps. Press the Enter key to activate it or not. Encrypt Swap? Encrypts the swap with a temporary key each time that the system boots and discards it on reboot. Select T to configure the Pool Type and the disk s that will constitute the pool.

If just one disk fails the data on the pool is lost irrevocably. Mirroring provides a good read performance because data is read from all disks in parallel. Depending on the version in which the file name may be different, you need to extract the largest file. You can rename this file for ease of remembering. Because this application does not allow to run on the destination drive. Click MAP button. The tool will back up the partition table information for later restoration.

The file has.